AIM Frame Essentials®
Details
Body Frame Support
The skeleton, made up of all the body’s bones, provides strength,
stability, and a frame for muscles to work within to produce movement.
Bones come together to form joints, most of which are in constant
motion. The ends of bones are covered with cartilage, a smooth, tough,
protective tissue that acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction.
The skin acts as a protective barrier to the outside world. Skin also
helps to regulate body temperature, senses painful and pleasant stimuli,
and shields us from the sun’s harmful effects.
Today, we are seeing increasing incidences of problems with the
musculoskeletal system. We can help ourselves maintain our “body frame”
health through nutrition and supplements. One of the most powerful
musculoskeletal supplements is glucosamine.
Glucosamine
Glucosamine is an aminosugar. It is made in the body from the simple
carbohydrate glucose (sugar) and the amino acid glutamine. Although our
bodies generally use glucose to produce energy, the amino sugars found
in glucosamine are incorporated into the structure of body tissue.
Glucosamine is involved in the formation of cartilage, nails, tendons,
skin, eyes, bones, ligaments, and heart valves. It also plays a role in
the mucous secretions of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts.
Of particular interest is its role in cartilage.
Cartilage
Cartilage is connective tissue at the ends of bones (where it is
known as articular cartilage). It separates bones so that they do not
grind together, causing stiffness and pain. Cartilage also serves as a
shock absorber.
Briefly put, cartilage protects our bones from the wear and tear of
movement.
One way to think of cartilage is as a super sponge. It soaks up water
(more accurately, synovial fluid) when a joint is at rest, and squeezes
out the water when a joint moves. As the joint rests again, it again
soaks up water.
This sponge like effect of cartilage makes it a shock absorber,
buffering our bones and body from the wear and tear of making thousands
of movements per day. Cartilage is also slippery— five to eight times
more slippery than ice. Thus, when two bones do meet, the cartilage at
the ends of each bone allows them to slide off each other, adding to the
buffering effect.
The cartilage matrix
Cartilage is made up of three main components: Water (70 to 80
percent), collagen (10 to 15 percent), and proteoglycans (10 to 15
percent). Combined, these are called the cartilage matrix. The cartilage
matrix is where new cartilage is born.
As we have seen, water provides cartilage with buffering qualities,
and also helps shape the “cartilage” sponge. It also feeds the
cartilage. Cartilage contains no blood vessels, so the soaking up and
squeezing out of water is what provides cartilage with nutrients.
Collagen also plays a role in giving cartilage its shape and
resiliency, and it also absorbs shock. Think of collagen as super strong
threads that create the framework to hold the third component of
cartilage: proteoglycans.
Proteoglycans are large water-soluble molecules.
They are woven in among the collagen threads, forming a kind of
netting. This netting traps the water.
Proteoglycans also act like magnets. The individual molecules push away
from each other, again allowing for space and a buffering effect.
Finally, tiny factories called chondrocytes are located throughout
this netting. They produce new collagen and proteoglycans, as well as
enzymes that dispose of older, past-their-prime collagen and
proteoglycans.
The role of glucosamine
Glucosamine stimulates chondrocytes to produce more collagen and
proteoglycans. The more glucosamine there is, the more collagen and
proteoglycans there are, and the more water can be absorbed. The end
result is healthier cartilage. Because of these properties, glucosamine
can help the body help itself repair damaged or eroded cartilage. It
works at the cellular level to reinforce our natural “repair” ability.
When things go wrong
As we age, the millions of movements we have made in our lives begin
to wear and tear on cartilage.
Cartilage begins to deteriorate, and our bones begin to rub together.
This becomes noticeable around age 45, and often happens in the fingers,
knees, hips, neck, and lower back. Cartilage can also be destroyed
through trauma, injury, and repetitive actions.
When cartilage is damaged, the chondrocytes go into high gear,
manufacturing more proteoglycans and collagen.
Unfortunately, these replacements may be of inferior quality, or be
overproduced, resulting in bumpy joint surfaces. Chondrocytes also
produce more of the enzymes that “eat away” old matter. These enzymes
may begin attacking the new, inferior cartilage, with an end result of
diminished cartilage, not more cartilage. This also may result in fewer
proteoglycans, which means the cartilage cannot hold water well. The
cartilage can then dry out and wear out more quickly.
The result is that we begin to feel our bones rubbing together during
movement. We experience pain and stiffness.
What to do
One way to counter the deterioration and destruction of cartilage is
to increase the amount of glucosamine your body has—remember,
glucosamine helps the body build and repair damaged cartilage.
Glucosamine is not only a “builder” but also a painkiller. In sum, it
improves joint function and reduces pain.
Proof positive
Many clinical trials have demonstrated that glucosamine results in
less pain due to cartilage deterioration and a wider range of movement.
The first studies were performed in the 1960s, using injectable forms
of glucosamine sulfate. When glucosamine sulfate became available in
pill form, research switched to this. Up to the present, most
glucosamine studies have been performed outside of North America.
In all of these studies, glucosamine sulfate proves to maintain
joint health.
- An early study in Italy found that 20 percent of those using
glucosamine sulfate became “symptom- free.” Nearly 25 percent had no
restriction of active or passive movement. The researchers concluded
that glucosamine sulfate rebuilt damaged cartilage. Clinical
Therapeutics 3, no. 4 (1980): 226-272.
- A large-scale study looked at over 1,200 patients with
osteoarthritis. Results show that pain decreased throughout the
trial, that both active and passive movement improved, and that
glucosamine worked for six to 12 weeks after treatment.
Pharmatherapeutica 3, no. 3 (1982): 157-168.
- In a study comparing glucosamine sulfate to the pain reliever
ibuprofen, the ibuprofen proved more effective the first two weeks,
but then faded. After eight weeks, the glucosamine sulfate group
reported better results. Current Medical Research and Opinion 8, no.
3 (1982): 145-149.
- More recently, Italian researchers found glucosamine to be more
effective than placebos or traditional NSAIDs (nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs) in treating osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis
and Cartilage 5, supplement A (1997): 82.
It should be noted that although there are positive results in all of
these studies, not all participants experience them. Thus, although
glucosamine works for many people, it does not necessarily work for all
people.
How to use AIM Frame Essentials®
- For optimal benefits, take 2 capsules in the morning and 2
capsules in the evening, for a total of 4 capsules per day. Best
taken with meals.
After experiencing the desired results, take 1 capsule in the
morning and 1 capsule in the evening for maintenance.
- Shelf life is 2 years, sealed. Close tightly after opening and
store in a cool, dry, dark place (70-75 °F; 20.1-23.8 °C).
- Do not refrigerate.
Q & A
May children and pregnant women take AIM Frame Essentials®? If so,
in what amounts?
- There should be no reason for children to be using this product.
Pregnant women should consult a health practitioner.
What is the source of the glucosamine in AIM Frame Essentials®?
- The source of the glucosamine is marine shellfish.
May I take AIM Frame Essentials® with other AIM products?
- Yes, you may. You may experience positive synergy between AIM
Frame Essentials® and other AIM products.
May I take AIM Frame Essentials® with other medications?
- There are no indications that glucosamine interacts with other
medications. Of course, you should always consult a health
practitioner when adding new substances to your regimen.
Is glucosamine actually absorbed?
- Yes, in one study on glucosamine sulfate in pill form, 90
percent of the glucosamine was absorbed.
How does glucosamine compare to products such at Tylenol® and
ibuprofen?
- There is no doubt that products such as these provide rapid
relief. However, studies have shown that after four weeks of use,
glucosamine is as effective or more effective than these products in
providing relief from joint problems.
Does AIM Frame Essentials® have any side effects?
- Glucosamine is safe. A few people have reported stomach upset
and nausea. In a year of formal testing of glucosamine, no
significant side effects were found.
Suggested Reading
Mindell, Earl. The MSM Miracle. New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing,
Inc., 1997.
References
- Foerster K et al. “Efficacy of Glucosamine Sulfate on Symptoms
of OA at Different Joint Localizations.” Arthritis Rheum (2000): no.
42 (suppl): 1613
- Piperno M et al. “Glucosamine Sulfate Modulates Dysregulated
Activities of Human Osteoarthritic Chrondrocytes in Vitro.”
Osteoarthritis Cart. (2000): 8:20712.
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